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地表残膜回收机的设计与研究毕业设计
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- 地表残膜回收机的设计与研究毕业设计
摘 要
地膜覆盖种植技术可大幅度提高作物单产水平，因而得以大面积推广使用，但用过的地膜不能及时回收，滞留在田间。对土壤及生态环境都造成了污染。从残膜不能及时回收的原因分析入手，结合各地条件阐述了不同类型的残膜回收机的特性和使用状况，并提出了解决这一问题的措施和建议。
地膜覆盖技术能够改良和提高庄稼的出苗率，但是在庄稼收获以后要回收残留在土壤中的地膜，及时回收,以至于不污染土壤和浪费塑料资源。从某个角度分析塑料资源由于污染而浪费过多，塑料产品生产领域不呢感对残膜回收和利用。为了减少塑料的污染要残膜完全的回收处理在利用。
发展地表残膜回收机械是治理残膜污染的有效方法，残膜的再生利用是保护环境，变废为宝，防治残膜污染的关键所在。
通过理论分析和田间试验，设计研制了一种使用于秋收前在最后一水后进行的地表残膜回收机。介绍这一机器的工作原理和有关设计参数。试验表明该机结构简单，工作可靠，动力消耗少，适应性广。通过分析残膜回收机的破膜器，捡拾机构，输送装置，传动装置，集膜装置等主要工作部件，对残膜回收机械总体的设计方案、主要参数选择、工艺流程等进行了详细的分析。
实践证明，该机还具有结构简单、工作可靠、通用性好等特点，
关键词：白色污染 残膜回收 农用地膜 捡拾机构
Abstract
Plastic film laying on crop is widely used in china,but most of the used films are left in the fields after harvesting ,and pollution is made both to the soil and environment .the reasons that the used films can not be collected in time are analyzed .countering the local condition of different area ,the different types of collectors are described .measurements and suggestions are given to solve the problem.
Plastic film plant technology can be robbed and improve the output of crops ,but after the crop is reaped ,remain into field mould membrane be removed ,retrieve in time ,so as not to pollute the soil and waste plastics resources .proceed from the angle of pitting is analyzed that the incomplete membrane is polluted and endangered ,produces and uses from the plastic film ,incomplete membrane retrieve and utilize respect explain manage measure and suggestion that film pollutes again.
Develop incomplete membrane retrieve machinery to incomplete membrane effective method of pollution, incomplete regeneration of membrane to protect the environment, turn wealth, prevent and cure incomplete membrane key of pollution.
A plastic film collector was invented with analysis of motional tracks and experiments .The working principle and designing parameters of collector were introduced .Experiments indicated that this machine has some advantages such as high working reliability ,low energy consumption ,and simple structure .Through analyses incomplete membrane person who retrieve get up membrane device ,person who supports membrane ,unload membrane brush ,transmission device ,collect membrane device groundwork part ,retrieve to incomplete membrane machinery total plan of design ,main parameter choosing ,technological process ,etc .carry on detailed analysis.
Practice has proved : In addition machine this have structure to be simple ,work reliable ,common ability characteristic such as being kind also .
Keywords: plastic film playing; used film; collection
目 录
摘要...............................................................1
英文摘要..........................................................2
1. 前言...........................................................3
2. 课题的来源及目的意义.........................................3
2.1地膜覆盖种植技术发展概况.....................................3
2.2地膜覆盖种植技术带来得负面影响...............................3
2.3残膜回收的一般方法...........................................4
2.4残膜机收的必要性.............................................4
3. 地膜回收技术在国内外的应用及存在问题.......................4
3.1目前国内残膜回收机现状.......................................4
3.2 国内机具研究的情况...........................................4
3.3 现有的地膜回收机械..........................................8
3.4 综上所述残膜回收技术应用存在的问题..........................9
3.4.1 头水前揭膜................................................9
3.4.2 收获后残膜回收............................................9
3.4.3 春播前拾膜................................................9
3.5 新疆建设兵团棉花种植情况存在的问题......................... 9
4. 地膜回收方案选择.......................................10
4.1技术要求....................................................10
4.2机器作业工艺方案............................................10
5. 方案的选择说明.........................................10
5.1收膜工艺....................................................10
5.2各部件的结构特点............................................11
5.2.1 划膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.2 捡膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.3脱卸膜部件分析............................................ 11
5.2.4集膜部件分析.............................................. 12
5.2.5动力分析.................................................. 12
5.2.6得出方案.................................................. 12
6. 设计的主要参数.........................................12
6．1破膜部件...................................................12
6．2捡膜部件....................................................13
6.2.1圆弧形弹齿滚筒机构的构造及工作原理........................13
6.2.2齿间距的选定及实际配齿法..................................13
6.2.3 结 论....................................................14
6．3脱卸膜部件.................................................. 14
6.3.1脱卸膜部件采用方式........................................14
6.3.2滚筒直径的选取............................................15
6.3.3安全系数..................................................16
6．4集膜部件....................................................16
6.5轴的设计计算................................................16
6．6机架设计....................................................17
6.7直齿圆柱齿轮的计算..........................................17
7. 设计评价......................................................19
8.结束语......................................................... 20
9.参数文献.......................................................21
10.致谢..........................................................22
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