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TH250斗式提升机全套毕业设计
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- TH250斗式提升机全套 毕业设计
目 录
1前言·································································································································1
2 本课题介绍及设计理论·································································································2
2.1 概述······························································································································2
2.2 斗式提升机的工作原理······························································································2
2.2.1斗式提升机分类·········································································································2
2.2.2斗式提升机的装载和卸载························································································2
2.2.3常用斗提机选用及相关计算···························································································3
2.2.4斗式提升机的主要部件···························································································5
2.2.5斗式提升机的工作原理···························································································6
3. 提升机主要参数确定及主要结构设计········································································8
3.1 提升功率的确定··········································································································8
3.2 电动机选择··················································································································9
3.3 减速机选择··················································································································9
3.4驱动轴设计及附件的选择···························································································9
3.4.1 轴的材料及热处理···································································································9
3.4.2 轴的结构设计···········································································································9
3.4.3 轴的强度校核计算·································································································10
3.4.4 轴承选用·················································································································12
3.4.5键的设计校核·················································································································13
3.5联轴器的选择································································································13
3.6驱动链轮的结构设计···························································································15
3.7提升机主要参数的计算····························································································15
3.8头部罩壳的选材及连接····································································································16
3.9中部区段的设计选材········································································································16
3.10料斗与环链的设计··························································································17
4 结论·······························································································································19
参考文献···························································································································20
致谢···································································································································21
附录···································································································································22
1 前言
斗式提升机广泛用于垂直输送各种散状物料，国内斗提机的设计制造技术是50年代由前苏联引进的,直到80年代几乎没有大的发展。自80年代以后,随着国家改革开放和经济发展的需要,一些大型及重点工程项目从国外引进了一定数量的斗提机,从而促进了国内斗提机技术的发展。有关斗提机的部颁标准JB3926—85及按此标准设计的TD、TH及TB系列斗提机的相继问世,使我国斗提机技术水平向前迈了一大步, 但由于产品设计、原材料、加工工艺和制造水平等方面的原因,使产品在实际使用中技术性能、传递扭矩、寿命、可靠性和噪声等与国际先进水平相比仍存在相当大的差距。
斗式提升机按牵引形式主要分为胶带式、圆环链式和板链式三种,因经济条件、技术水平及使用习惯等原因,国内用户对圆环链式和胶带式斗提机需求量较大,这两种斗提机的技术发展受到较多的关注,而且有较为明显的发展。TH型是一种圆环链斗式提升机，采用混合式或重力卸料，挖取式装料。牵引件用优质合金钢高度圆环链。中部机壳分单、双通道两种形式为机内重锤箱恒力自动张紧。链轮采用可换轮缘组合式结构。使用寿命长，轮缘更换工作简便。下部采用重力自动张紧装置，能保持恒定的张紧力，避免打滑或脱链，同时料斗遇到偶然因素引起的卡壳现象时有一定的容让性，能够有效地保护下部轴等部件。该斗式提升机适用于输送堆积密度小于1.5t/m3易于掏取的粉状、粒状、小块状的底磨琢性物料。如煤、水泥、碎石、砂子、化肥、粮食等。TH型斗式提升机用于各种散状物料的垂直输送。适用于输送粉状、粒状、小块状物料，物料温度在250℃以下。
2. 本课题介绍及设计理论
2.1 概述
此次设计的任务是研究TH250斗式提升机的工作原理、性能和特点，采用理论联系实际的方法，研究影响斗式提升机效率的影响因素，进行必要的结构改进，提出结构的方案并实施设计。同时，进行相关结构参数和工艺参数的设计与计算、总体方案设计，总体装配以及传动、机体等部件和相关零部件设计及绘图。主要设计方案如下：
1） 对斗式提升机的工作原理进行深入研究，根据TH250斗式提升机的工作能力和使用要求，设计出总体方案。
2） 设计出合理的提升机结构和零件的强度，保证运行的稳定性。
3） 设计出合理的驱动装置，保证运行的高效性。。
该项目来源于江苏海建集团， TH斗式提升机具有输送量大，提升高度高，运行平稳可靠，操作维修简便，寿命长等显著特点。斗式提升机适用于输送粉状，粒状和小块状的低磨琢性物性，物料堆积密度小于1.5t/m ,物料温度不超过250℃，广泛应用于水泥提升机械。
2.2 斗式提升机的工作原理
2.2.1斗式提升机分类
1）按牵引件分类：
斗式提升机的牵引构件有环链、板链和胶带等几种。环链的结构和制造比较简单，与料斗的连接也很牢固，输送磨琢性大的物料时，链条的磨损较小，但其自重较大。板链结构比较牢固，自重较轻，适用于提升量大的提升机，但铰接接头易被磨损，胶带的结构比较简单，但不适宜输送磨琢性大的物料，普通胶带物料温度不超过60°C，钢绳胶带允许物料温度达80°C，耐热胶带允许物料温度达120°C，环链、板链输送物料的温度可达250°C。斗提机最广泛使用的是带式(TD)，环链式(TH)两种型式。用于输送散装水泥时大多采用深型料斗。如TD型带式斗提机采用离心式卸料或混合式卸料适用于堆积密度小于1．5t／m3的粉状、粒状物料。TH环链斗提机采用混合式或重力式卸料用于输送堆和密度小于1．5t／m3的粉状、粒状物料。
2）按卸载方式分类：
斗式提升机可分为：离心式卸料、重力式卸料和混合式卸料等三种形式。离心式卸料的斗速较快，适用于输送粉状、粒状、小块状等磨琢性小的物料；重力式卸料的斗速较慢，适用于输送块状的，比重较大的，磨琢性大的物料，如石灰石、熟料等。
2.2.2斗式提升机的装载和卸载
斗式提升机的装载方式有三种，即注入式装载（见图2-1）、挖取式装载（见图2-2）和混合式装载。注入式装载要求散料以微小建度均匀地落入料斗中，形成比较稳定的料流，装料口下部应有一定的高度，采用该方式装载时一般料斗布置较密；料斗在牵引件上布置较稀时多采用挖取式装载，只能用于输送粉状或小颗粒流动性良好物料的场合，斗速运行速度在2m／s以下，介于两者之间采用混合式装载。
卸载方式有离心式、重力式及混合式三种。
离心式卸料料斗的运行速度较高，通常取为1—2m/s。如欲保持这种卸载必须正确选择驱动轮的转速和直径，以及卸料口的位置。其优点是：在一定的料斗速度下驱动轮尺寸为最小；卸料位置较高，各料斗之间的距离可以减小，并可提高卸料管高度，当卸料高度一定时，提升机的高度就可减小；缺点是：料斗的填充系数较小，对所提升的物料有一定的要求，只适用于流动性好的粉状、粒状、小块状物料。
重力式卸载使用于卸载块状、半磨琢性或磨琢性大的物料，料斗运行速度为0.4—0.8m/s左右，需配用带导向槽的料斗。其优点是：料斗装填良好，料斗尺寸与极距的大小无关。因此允许在较大的料斗运行速度之下应用大容积的料斗；主要缺点是：物料抛出位置较低，故必须增加提升机机头的高度。
物料在料斗的内壁之间被抛卸出去，这种卸载方式称为离心—重力式卸载。常用于卸载流动性不良的粉状物料及含水分物料。料斗的运动速度为0.6—0.8m/s范围，常用链条做牵引构件。 ...
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