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汽车起重机变幅系统设计
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- 汽车起重机变幅系统设计
摘要
随着经济建设的飞速发展，我国的基础建设力度正逐渐加大，道路交通，机场，港口，水利水电，市政建设等基础设施的建设规模也越来越大，市场上汽车起重机的需求也随之增加。汽车起重机变幅系统设计主要是变幅机构三铰点的确定和变幅油缸尺寸的设计和计算以及其它辅助元件的选取。合理的确定变幅机构三铰点对汽车起重机的整体设计非常的关键，它影响汽车起重机的吊臂和转台的机构形式以及液压缸的参数选择，对汽车起重机的稳定性也至关重要。本文主要通过作图与计算相结合的方式寻找铰点最佳的位置，选取最佳铰点方案。变幅油缸的设计主要是依照《新编液压工程手册》和参考中联重科35 吨汽车起重机的变幅油缸。
关键词：35 吨汽车起重机；变幅机构三铰点；变幅机构；变幅油缸
Abstract
With the rapid development of economic construction, China is gradually increasing theintensity of infrastructure, road transport, airports, ports, water utilities, municipal
construction and other infrastructure are becoming ever larger, the market demand for carswith cranesthe increase.Truck Crane luffing system is mainly three nodes of the cylinder sizeand amplitude to determine the design and calculation, and otherauxiliarycomponentsselected.Reasonable to determine luffing crane three nodes on the car's overall design is the key, it affects the truck crane boom and turntable body form and parameters of hydrauliccylinder on the crane's stability is crucial.In this paper, drawing and calculation by combiningthe best way to find the location of hinge points, select the best program hinge point.Luffingcylinder design is mainly in accordance with the "New Hydraulic Engineering Handbook"and the reference Zoomlion 35 tons truck crane luffing cylinder.
Key words：35 tons truck crane；Luffing three nodes；Luffing；Luffing cylinder
1.绪论............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 课题背景及目的............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究状况.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 国内汽车起重机发展趋势................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 国外汽车起重机发展趋势................................................................................... 2
1.3 课题研究方法.................................................................................................................. 4
2.液变幅系统方案确定................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 变幅机构布置形式确定..................................................................................................5
2.2 变幅机构液压回路方案确定......................................................................................... 5
3.变幅机构三铰点确定................................................................................................................. 7
3.1 变幅机构受力分析..........................................................................................................7
3.2 变幅机构三铰点合理几何形状的分析.........................................................................8
3.3 变幅机构三铰点几何三角形的确定............................................................................11
4.变幅油缸的设计与计算........................................................................................................... 12
4.1 变幅油缸推力计算........................................................................................................12
4.2 变幅油缸性能参数的确定........................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 变幅油缸压力的选取......................................................................................... 13
4.2.2 变幅油缸缸径D 的确定..................................................................................... 14
4.2.3 变幅油缸负载率的计算..................................................................................... 14
4.2.4 变幅油缸活塞杆直径d 确定.............................................................................15
4.2.5 活塞杆理论拉力和推力计算.............................................................................15
4.2.6 变幅油缸活塞杆行程确定................................................................................. 16
4.2.7 变幅系统液压泵流量确定................................................................................. 16
5.液压缸主要零部件设计........................................................................................................... 18
5.1 液压缸缸筒.................................................................................................................... 18
5.1.1 液压缸筒与端盖的连接.................................................................................... 18
5.1.2 缸筒壁厚的计算..................................................................................................18
汽车起重机变幅系统设计
5.1.3 缸壁厚度的验算..................................................................................................20
5.1.4 缸筒底部厚度的计算......................................................................................... 21
5.1.5 缸筒加工要求......................................................................................................22
5.2 活塞的设计计算............................................................................................................ 22
5.2.1 活塞的结构形式..................................................................................................22
5.2.2 活塞的密封.......................................................................................................... 23
5.2.3 活塞的材料.......................................................................................................... 24
5.2.4 活塞的加工要求..................................................................................................24
5.3 活塞杆的设计计算........................................................................................................24
5.3.1 活塞杆的结构......................................................................................................24
5.3.2 活塞杆强度计算..................................................................................................25
5.3.3 活塞杆弯曲稳定性验算..................................................................................... 25
5.3.4 活塞杆加工要求..................................................................................................26
5.4 活塞的导向环................................................................................................................. 26
5.4.1 导向环的优点......................................................................................................26
5.4.2 活塞导向环的型式............................................................................................. 27
5.4.3 导向环尺寸计算..................................................................................................27
5.5 活塞杆的导向、密封和防尘....................................................................................... 28
5.5.1 活塞杆的导向......................................................................................................28
5.5.2 活塞杆的防尘和密封......................................................................................... 28
5.6 缓冲装置.........................................................................................................................29
5.7 进、出油口尺寸............................................................................................................ 30
5.8 安装连接元件的确定....................................................................................................30
5.8.1 耳环...................................................................................................................... 30
5.8.2 耳环的轴套.......................................................................................................... 30
6.变幅系统中其它元件的选取...................................................................................................31
6.1 变幅油路参数计算.........................................................................................................31
6.1.1 液压泵流量.........................................................................................................31
6.1.2 液压泵额定压力.................................................................................................31
6.2 液压泵的选取................................................................................................................ 31
汽车起重机变幅系统设计
6.3 平衡阀.............................................................................................................................31
6.4 油路的通径..................................................................................................................... 32
6.5 滤油器的选择................................................................................................................. 32
7.结论........................................................................................................................................... 33
参考文献....................................................................................................................................... 34
致谢............................................................................................................................................... 35
附件A 开题报告
附件B 英文原文及中文翻译
变幅机构布置形式确定
全液压汽车起重机的变幅机构使用液压缸来驱动动臂变幅。液压缸的布置形式有三种，分别是前倾式、后倾式和后拉式。
前倾式如图2.1 所示。因液压缸前倾，其对动臂作用力臂较长，变幅缸的推力可以较小些，故缸径较小。因臂的悬臂长度较短，对臂受力有利。但也有液压缸行程较长，臂下方空间较小的缺点。大多数全液压汽车起重机都采用此布置形式[2]。前倾式变幅机构可以采用一个油缸也可采用两个油缸。本次变幅系统方案确定为前倾式变幅机构，采用一个变幅油缸。液压缸采用双作用
液压缸。 ...
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